How does crypto mining work?

[Harshita Maurya]

Crypto mining uses powerful computers to solve complex math puzzles, validating transactions and adding them as new "blocks" to a decentralized digital ledger called a blockchain, earning miners new coins and fees as a reward, with the process requiring significant energy and specialized hardware (like ASICs) for competitive mining, securing the network in a system known as Proof-of-Work (PoW).



How the Mining Process Works:

[*]Transactions Gathered: When crypto is sent, transactions are bundled into a "block".
[*]Puzzle Solving (Hashing): Miners use specialized hardware to guess a random number (a "nonce") that, when combined with the block's data, produces a specific, very low numerical output (a "hash").
[*]Competition: Thousands of miners race to find this correct nonce, a process that requires massive computational power and electricity.
[*]Block Added: The first miner to find the solution broadcasts it; other network participants verify the solution, and the new block is permanently added to the blockchain, linking to the previous block.
[*]Reward: The successful miner receives a reward of newly created cryptocurrency (e.g., Bitcoin) and the transaction fees from that block. 
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Key Concepts:

• Blockchain: A distributed, immutable public ledger that records all transactions.
• Proof-of-Work (PoW): The consensus mechanism (used by Bitcoin) where computational effort proves a miner's work, securing the network.
• ASICs: Application-Specific Integrated Circuits, specialized hardware designed only for mining, essential for competing in Bitcoin mining.
• Difficulty Adjustment: The network automatically adjusts the puzzle's difficulty to keep block creation time consistent (around 10 minutes for Bitcoin), increasing competition as more miners join. 

In essence, mining is a decentralized, resource-intensive "guesswork lottery" that secures the network and introduces new coins into circulation.

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